Colloquium Announcement
Department of Mathematics
West Virginia University
for
Thursday, October 29,1998, at 3:45pm
in 315 Armstrong Hall
(Tea and cookies begin at 3:00 in coffee room.)
Professor Zbigniew Piotrowski
Youngstown State University, Ohio
On open problems in Descriptive Set Theory, General Topology and
Topological Algebra which arise in separate versus joint
continuity
The talk will be suitable for a general audience.
Students are strongly encouraged to participate.
Abstract
It follows from a property of the product topology that every
continuous f : X x Y -> Z is separately continuous, that is f is
continuous with respect to each variable while the other is fixed (see
A.L. Cauchy, (1821)). As it was observed by E. Heine (a remark in J.
Thomae's book, (1873), p. 15) the converse does not hold, in general see
also my work (1996) for an account of early discoveries in this field.
Separate and joint continuity questions are, among others, problems of the
type:
Given "nice" topological spaces X and Y, let M be metric and let
f : X x Y -> M be separately continuous.
- Existence Problem. Find the set C(f) of points of continuity of f.
If X and Y are "nice", then C(f) is a dense G-delta subset of X x Y. For
example, every real-valued separately continuous function f : R^2 -> R is
of the first class of Baire, hence C(f) is a dense G-delta subset.
There is also interest in a "Fiber" version: It is the same as
above, except now we look for C(f) in {x} x Y, for any fixed x in X.
- Characterization Problem. Characterize C(f) as a subset of X x Y.
If X = Y = M = R, then the set C(f) is the complement of an F-sigma set
contained in the product of two sets of first category (R. Kershner,
(1943)).
- Uniformization Problem (Namioka-type theorems). Find whether:
(*) there is a dense G-delta subset A of X such that the set A x Y
is contained in C(f).
In case X = Y = M = R, such a result was known already
to R. Baire (1899). In case if X is complete metric and Y compact metric
and M = R, (*) was shown by H. Hahn (1932). I. Namioka (1974) extended
Hahn's result to X being regular, strongly countably complete, Y being
locally compact and sigma-compact and Z being pseudo-metric.
Following J.P.R. Christensen (1981) we say that a space X is
Namioka if for any compact space Y and any metric space M and any
separately continuous function f, (*) holds. M. Talagrand (1985)
constructed an alpha-favorable space (hence Baire) which is not Namioka.
J. Saint Raymond (1983) proved that: Separable Baire spaces are Namioka,
Tychonoff Namioka spaces are Baire, and in the class of metric spaces
Namioka and Baire spaces coincide.
A space Y is co-Namioka if for any Baire space X and any metric
space M and for any separately continuous function f, (*) hols. For
example, Corson-compact spaces are co-Namioka, whereas beta-N (the
Stone-Cech compactification of N) is not. Many results in this direction
have been obtained by R. Haydon, R.W. Hansell, J.E. Jain, J.P. Troallic,
I. Namioka and R. Pol. My (1986) expository article brings a compehensive
presentation of this topic organizing research in this field until
mid-80's.
Applications. R. Ellis (1957, 1957) showed that every locally
compact semitopological group (e.g. group endowed with a topology for
which the product is separately continuous) is a topological group. Using
methods of separate and joint continuity A. Bouziad (1996) extended Ellis
theorem to all Cech-analytic Baire semitopological groups (hence all
Cech-complete semitopological groups).
In my talk I will provide the necessary background and formulate some
still open questions in this area, e.g., pertaining to the types of
sigma-ideals for which "soft" (i.e., Y is assumed to be second countable)
Namioka-type theorem holds, continuity of homomorphisms (generalizations
of Dudley's theorem), strengthening of Mibu-type theorems, etc.
The information on the future (and past) Colloquia can be also found on web at the
address:
http://www.math.wvu.edu/homepages/kcies/colloquium.html